Five prizes were created by Alfred
Nobel in his 1895 will, for medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace,
which were awarded from 1901. A sixth prize in economics, “in memory of Alfred
Nobel,” was created by Sweden’s central bank in 1968.
Six laureates have declined
the prize. The only two to do so of their own will were France’s Jean-Paul
Sartre, who turned down the 1964 literature prize, and Vietnam’s then-prime
minister Le Duc Tho, who refused to share the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize with US
Secretary of State Henry Kissinger.
Adolf Hitler forbade three German laureates
-- Richard Kuhn (chemistry 1938), Adolf Butenandt (chemistry 1939) and Gerhard
Domagk (medicine 1939) -- from accepting the prize, while Soviet authorities
forced Boris Pasternak to decline the 1958 literature prize.
Eight laureates were born on
February 28 and May 21, the two most popular birthdates for laureates. Other
dates have produced no laureates, including January 2 and October
13.
Twelve is the number of times
the medicine prize jury considered the nomination of Sigmund Freud, the father
of psychoanalysis, rejecting it each time.
His work had no scientific value, an
expert concluded in 1929.
The nomination of Mahatma Gandhi, who also famously
never won a Nobel, was considered four times, excluding the year of his
assassination in 1948.
The youngest laureate to be
honoured was 17 years old — Malala Yousafzai of Pakistan (peace 2014). The
oldest laureate was Russian-born American Leonid Hurwicz (economics 2007), who
was 90.
Eighteen laureates have been
affiliated with the two universities claiming the most Nobels: Stanford and the
University of California, Berkeley.
Myanmar’s Aung San Suu Kyi had
to wait 20 years before she could travel to Oslo to collect the peace prize she
was awarded in 1991.
Also deprived of their liberty:
German pacifist Carl von Ossietzky (peace 1935), who died in 1938 without being
allowed to leave his country; and Chinese dissident Liu Xiaobo (peace 2010), is
still behind bars.
Twenty-seven English-language
writers have won the literature prize, ahead of French (14), German (13) and
Spanish (11) laureates.
Forty eight women have won a
Nobel prize, including Marie Curie who won it twice (physics 1903 and chemistry
1911).
The economics prize, with only one
female laureate, in 2009, and the physics prize, with only two laureates in 109
years, remain the most inaccessible prizes for women.
A total of 822 Nobel laureates
are men.
The various juries have
decided to not award the prize 49 times. The peace prize has had no recipient 19
times, most recently in 1972.
Fifty years must pass before
the juries’ top secret deliberations are opened to the public.
The average age of the
economics prize laureates is 67, the oldest average age, while the youngest
average age can be found among physics laureates, at 55.
There were 376 nominations for
the 2016 Nobel peace prize, a record with almost 100 more than in 2014 when the
previous record was set. In 1942, 1943 and 1944, no nominations were
accepted.
870 people have won a Nobel
prize, including four scientists who won it twice. Twenty-six groups or
organisations have been honoured with the Nobel peace prize, such as Tunisia’s
National Dialogue Quartet in 2015.
1,350 people are typically
invited to the Nobel gala banquet celebrating the laureates, held each year at
Stockholm’s city hall on December 10, in honour of the death of Alfred Nobel.
At the first dinner in 1901, 113
people were invited.
Each laureate is awarded 8
million Swedish kronor ($1.2m) which is shared if several laureates are honoured
in the same field.
Literature laureates are the ones most likely to take home the whole sum: on 104 occasions there has been just one literature winner.
Literature laureates are the ones most likely to take home the whole sum: on 104 occasions there has been just one literature winner.
With many thanks to The Australian
Source.
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Source.
Congratulations to David Thouless, Duncan Haldane and Michael Kosterlitz for winning the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics!
Bob Dylan Wins The Nobel Prize In Literature
Malala Yousafzai Quotes: Heartwarming,Thoughtful and Inspirational!
He Named Me Malala - Review
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Alan Turing Manuscript Sells For $1 million
Temple Grandin On The Autistic Brain
Benedict Cumberbatch And Eddie Redmayne: The Changing Face Of Hollywood
Temple Grandin: Her Extraordinary Life And Work
Hedy Lamarr's 101st Birthday Celebrated by Google
Mathematical Minds Stir A Beauty Within
Modern Technology and Albert Einstein: Are We There Yet?
Arthur Benjamin: The Magic of Fibonacci Numbers
Claude Shannon Jr: The Greatest Genius No One Has Heard Of
John von Neumann: This Hungarian-American Mathematician May Have Been Smarter Than Einstein
Great Minds: Filippo Brunelleschi
Great Minds: Leonardo da Vinci
The Genius of Nicola Tesla
Hedy Lamarr - Beauty And Brains in Abundance
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Alan Turing Manuscript Sells For $1 million
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